Vitalik Buterin Warns AI May Undermine Cryptography, Recommends Prioritizing Hash-Based Cryptography

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin stated on the X platform that the acceleration of mathematical research by AI could pose new security threats to existing cryptographic systems, particularly lattice-based cryptographic schemes. He believes that advancements in AI over the next two years may significantly weaken the practical security of lattice cryptography, and ECDSA may face the risk of being compromised sooner than expected. Vitalik pointed out that over the past year, the Ethereum Lean roadmap has gradually shifted towards pure hash-based cryptographic solutions, avoiding the use of lattice-based signatures and related zero-knowledge proof structures. He recommends prioritizing hash-based cryptography whenever feasible and adopting more conservative security parameters for lattice cryptography; privacy protocols should avoid storing encrypted information directly on-chain, and multi-signature wallets should prioritize off-chain signature confirmations. Additionally, Vitalik suggests that users, when convenient, store funds in addresses that have not initiated transactions to reduce potential risks, but he does not recommend users to immediately migrate assets on a large scale. He emphasized that the migration process itself carries risks, and he has incurred losses from migration errors that even exceeded those from past hacking incidents.

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