Optimism Releases Upgrade 20, Enhancing Fault-Proof System for Cross-Chain Interoperability

On September 25, Optimism released Upgrade 20, enhancing the OP Stack fault-proof system to lay the groundwork for future cross-chain interoperability. The core change is upgrading the proposal from a single-chain output root to a multi-chain supporting super root. The super root is a hash of version bytes, timestamps, and multiple (chainID, outputRoot) pairs, allowing snapshots of any number of chains' states at the same timestamp. The dispute mechanism continues to operate independently per chain but is now capable of handling cross-chain dependencies. The upgrade is incremental to reduce risks. Additionally, the logic for proof of withdrawal remains based on the output root, ensuring backward compatibility. Node operators do not need to take action, while chain operators must update relevant configurations. Subsequent hard forks will officially enable cross-chain messaging.

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